From Multiple Sclerosis Journal, March 22, 2016:
The EDSS-Plus, an improved endpoint for disability progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Diego Cadavid⇑
Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
Jeffrey A Cohen
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Mark S Freedman
University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Myla D Goldman
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Hans-Peter Hartung
Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich- Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
Eva Havrdova
Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Douglas Jeffery
Piedmont HealthCare, Huntersville, NC, USA
Raj Kapoor
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
Aaron Miller
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Finn Sellebjerg
Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Deborah Kinch
Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
Sophia Lee
Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
Shulian Shang
Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
Daniel Mikol
Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
Biogen, 300 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. diego.cadavid@biogen.com
Background:
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) has wide scientific and regulatory precedent but limited ability to detect clinically relevant disability progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients, partly due to a lack of meaningful measurement of short-distance ambulatory and upper-extremity function.
Objective:
To present a rationale for a composite endpoint adding the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) and 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) to EDSS for SPMS disability progression assessment.
Methods:
Using the International Multiple Sclerosis Secondary Progressive Avonex Clinical Trial (IMPACT) placebo arm (n = 215) data, we analyzed disability progression using a novel progression endpoint, “EDSS-Plus,” defined as progression on ⩾1 of 3 components (EDSS, T25FW, and/or 9HPT) confirmed ⩾24 weeks apart and with a ⩾20% minimum threshold change for T25FW and 9HPT.
Results:
Over 2 years, subjects classified as T25FW, 9HPT (dominant hand), or 9HPT (non-dominant hand) progressors worsened on average by 103.4%, 69.0%, and 59.2%, respectively, while non-progressors’ times remained largely unchanged. Using EDSS-Plus, 59.5% of the patients had 24-week confirmed disability progression versus 24.7% (EDSS), 41.9% (T25FW), and 34.4% (9HPT (either hand)) on each component alone.
Conclusion:
The 24-week confirmed minimum worsening of ⩾20% for T25FW and 9HPT clearly separates SPMS progressors from non-progressors. We propose that EDSS-Plus may represent an improved endpoint to identify SPMS disability progression.